![]() ![]() Cigna may not control the content or links of non-Cigna websites. Selecting these links will take you away from to another website, which may be a non-Cigna website. This website is not intended for residents of New Mexico. For availability, costs and complete details of coverage, contact a licensed agent or Cigna sales representative. ![]() LINA and NYLGICNY are not affiliates of Cigna.Īll insurance policies and group benefit plans contain exclusions and limitations. The Cigna name, logo, and other Cigna marks are owned by Cigna Intellectual Property, Inc. Accidental Injury, Critical Illness, and Hospital Care plans or insurance policies are distributed exclusively by or through operating subsidiaries of Cigna Corporation, are administered by Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company, and are insured by either (i) Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company (Bloomfield, CT) (ii) Life Insurance Company of North America (“LINA”) (Philadelphia, PA) or (iii) New York Life Group Insurance Company of NY (“NYLGICNY”) (New York, NY), formerly known as Cigna Life Insurance Company of New York. That insure or administer group HMO, dental HMO, and other products or services in your state). Group health insurance and health benefit plans are insured or administered by CHLIC, Connecticut General Life Insurance Company (CGLIC), or their affiliates (see Individual and family medical and dental insurance plans are insured by Cigna Health and Life Insurance Company (CHLIC), Cigna HealthCare of Arizona, Inc., Cigna HealthCare of Illinois, Inc., Cigna HealthCare of Georgia, Inc., Cigna HealthCare of North Carolina, Inc., Cigna HealthCare of South Carolina, Inc., and Cigna HealthCare of Texas, Inc. A MEDLINE search for articles written in English and published before April 2007 was done using a list of terms related to urinary retention. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Ĭhildren lower urinary tract dysfunction nomogram post-void residual urine urinary tract infection.Find an in-network doctor, dentist, or facility Urinary retention and post-void residual urine in men: separating truth from tradition. Repeating PVR test is recommended when a single PVR is higher than the 95th percentile of age- and gender-specific PVR. For children aged ≥7 years, a single PVR >20 ml or 15% BC, or repetitive PVR >10 ml or 6% BC can be redefined as elevated.Īge, gender, and BC should be taken into considerations at interpretation of PVR tests in children. For children aged ≤6 years, a single PVR >30 ml or >21% BC, or repetitive PVR >20 ml or >10% BC can be regarded as elevated. Multivariate studies showed that PVR was positively associated with BC, negatively associated with age, higher in boys than girls, and higher in abnormal uroflow patterns. The 95th percentile of Single-PVR for all children was 27.2 ml, or 19.2% of bladder capacity (BC), while that for Dual-PVR were 11.2 ml or 6.0% of BC, respectively. Totally, 1,128 children (583 boys and 545 girls) with a mean age of 7.7 ± 2.2 years were eligible for analysis. Children with possible urinary tract infection or lower urinary tract dysfunctions were excluded. figure ultrasound measurement of postvoid. The first PVR and the lower value of the two consecutive PVRs of each child with a voided volume ≥50 ml were included for construction of Single- and Dual-PVR nomograms. Ultrasonography of the bladder: measurement of postvoid residual volume using formula: Length × Width × Height × 0.5. PVR is measured by transabdominal ultrasound, bladder scan or catheterization 2,3,4,5,6. Healthy children aged 4-12 years were enrolled for two sets of uroflowmetry and PVR. Post-void residual (PVR) urine is a controversial part of routine clinical assessment in males with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). To establish the first age- and gender-specific nomograms for single and two consecutive tests for post-void residual urine (PVR).
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